The NIH Common Fund exRNA Communication Program was established a little over 5 years ago. Work will be presented on the accomplishments of Phase 1 of this program with respect to exRNA biology, reference profiles of exRNAs from human body fluids, pipelines for handling exRNA data, and the utility of exRNAs as biomarkers or therapeutic agents. Plans for Phase 2 of the exRNA program which includes initiatives to improve isolation and analysis of exRNA-carrier subclasses as well as work towards single extracellular vesicle sorting, isolation, and cargo analysis also will be presented.